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This package was derived from Rsymphony_0.1-17 from CRAN. These packages provide an R interface to SYMPHONY, an open-source linear programming solver written in C++. The main difference between this package and Rsymphony is that it includes the solver source code (SYMPHONY version 5.6), while Rsymphony expects to find header and library files on the users' system. Thus the intention of lpsymphony is to provide an easy to install interface to SYMPHONY. For Windows, precompiled DLLs are included in this package.

lpNet aims at infering biological networks, in particular signaling and gene networks. For that it takes perturbation data, either steady-state or time-series, as input and generates an LP model which allows the inference of signaling networks. For parameter identification either leave-one-out cross-validation or stratified n-fold cross-validation can be used.

This LPE library is used to do significance analysis of microarray data with small number of replicates. It uses resampling based FDR adjustment, and gives less conservative results than traditional 'BH' or 'BY' procedures. Data accepted is raw data in txt format from MAS4, MAS5 or dChip. Data can also be supplied after normalization. LPE library is primarily used for analyzing data between two conditions. To use it for paired data, see LPEP library. For using LPE in multiple conditions, use HEM library.

The LoomExperiment package provide a means to easily convert the Bioconductor "Experiment" classes to loom files and vice versa.

Enables the interactive visualization of dimensional reduction, clustering, and cell properties for scRNA-Seq results. It generates an interactive HTML page using either a numeric matrix, SummarizedExperiment, SingleCellExperiment or Seurat objects as input. The input data can be projected into two-dimensional representations by applying dimensionality reduction methods such as PCA, MDS, t-SNE, UMAP, and NMF. Displaying multiple dimensionality reduction results within the same interface, with interconnected graphs, provides different perspectives that facilitate accurate cell classification. The package also integrates unsupervised clustering techniques, whose results that can be viewed interactively in the graphical interface. In addition to visualization, this interface allows manual selection of groups, labeling of cell entities based on processed meta-information, generation of new graphs displaying gene expression values for each cell, sample identification, and visual comparison of samples and clusters.

Provides functions for testing overlap of sets of genomic regions with public and custom region set (genomic ranges) databases. This makes it possible to do automated enrichment analysis for genomic region sets, thus facilitating interpretation of functional genomics and epigenomics data.

Identification of interactions between binary variables using Logic Regression. Can, e.g., be used to find interesting SNP interactions. Contains also a bagging version of logic regression for classification.

loci2path performs statistics-rigorous enrichment analysis of eQTLs in genomic regions of interest. Using eQTL collections provided by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and pathway collections from MSigDB.

LOBSTAHS is a multifunction package for screening, annotation, and putative identification of mass spectral features in large, HPLC-MS lipid datasets. In silico data for a wide range of lipids, oxidized lipids, and oxylipins can be generated from user-supplied structural criteria with a database generation function. LOBSTAHS then applies these databases to assign putative compound identities to features in any high-mass accuracy dataset that has been processed using xcms and CAMERA. Users can then apply a series of orthogonal screening criteria based on adduct ion formation patterns, chromatographic retention time, and other properties, to evaluate and assign confidence scores to this list of preliminary assignments. During the screening routine, LOBSTAHS rejects assignments that do not meet the specified criteria, identifies potential isomers and isobars, and assigns a variety of annotation codes to assist the user in evaluating the accuracy of each assignment.

Provides a complete workflow for the identification, analysis, and functional annotation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from RNA-Seq data. The package includes functions for filtering transcripts from GTF files, evaluating the performance of multiple coding potential prediction tools (e.g., CPC2, PLEK, CPAT), and summarizing their agreement. It enables systematic performance analysis of individual tools, "at least N" tool consensus, and all possible tool combinations. Functional analysis is supported through the identification of potential cis- and trans-acting interactions with protein-coding genes, followed by enrichment analysis. Results can be visualized using a variety of plots, including radar plots, clock plots, and interactive Sankey diagrams.

linear ANOVA decomposition of Multivariate Designed Experiments implementation based on limma lmFit. Features: i)Flexible formula type interface, ii) Fast limma based implementation, iii) p-values for each estimated coefficient levels in each factor, iv) F values for factor effects and v) plotting functions for PCA and PLS.

lisaClust provides a series of functions to identify and visualise regions of tissue where spatial associations between cell-types is similar. This package can be used to provide a high-level summary of cell-type colocalization in multiplexed imaging data that has been segmented at a single-cell resolution.

The package contains functions for calculate direct and model-based estimators for liquid association. It also provides functions for testing the existence of liquid association given a gene triplet data.

"LipidTrend" is an R package that implements a permutation-based statistical test to identify significant differences in lipidomic features between groups. The test incorporates Gaussian kernel smoothing of region statistics to improve stability and accuracy, particularly when dealing with small sample sizes. This package also includes two plotting functions for visualizing significant tendencies in 1D and 2D feature data, respectively.

LIONESS, or Linear Interpolation to Obtain Network Estimates for Single Samples, can be used to reconstruct single-sample networks (https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.06440). This code implements the LIONESS equation in the lioness function in R to reconstruct single-sample networks. The default network reconstruction method we use is based on Pearson correlation. However, lionessR can run on any network reconstruction algorithms that returns a complete, weighted adjacency matrix. lionessR works for both unipartite and bipartite networks.

Linnorm is an algorithm for normalizing and transforming RNA-seq, single cell RNA-seq, ChIP-seq count data or any large scale count data. It has been independently reviewed by Tian et al. on Nature Methods (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0425-8). Linnorm can work with raw count, CPM, RPKM, FPKM and TPM.

Here we present Link-HD, an approach to integrate heterogeneous datasets, as a generalization of STATIS-ACT (“Structuration des Tableaux A Trois Indices de la Statistique–Analyse Conjointe de Tableaux”), a family of methods to join and compare information from multiple subspaces. However, STATIS-ACT has some drawbacks since it only allows continuous data and it is unable to establish relationships between samples and features. In order to tackle these constraints, we incorporate multiple distance options and a linear regression based Biplot model in order to stablish relationships between observations and variable and perform variable selection.

Lineagespot is a framework written in R, and aims to identify SARS-CoV-2 related mutations based on a single (or a list) of variant(s) file(s) (i.e., variant calling format). The method can facilitate the detection of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in wastewater samples using next generation sequencing, and attempts to infer the potential distribution of the SARS-CoV-2 lineages.

Differential expression analysis is commonly used to study diverse biological datasets. The reproducibility-optimized test statistic (ROTS) (Elo et al., 2008, <doi:10.1109/tcbb.2007.1078>) uses a modified t-statistic to prioritise features that differ between two or more groups. However, the ROTS Bioconductor implementation (Suomi et al., 2017, <doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005562>) did not accommodate technical or biological covariates. LimROTS (Anwar et al., 2025, <doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaf570>) addressed this limitation by combining a reproducibility-optimized test statistic with the limma empirical Bayes approach (Ritchie et al., 2015, <doi:10.1093/nar/gkv007>). This enables the analysis of more complex experimental designs and the incorporation of covariates.

Quantification and differential analysis of mass-spectrometry proteomics data, with probabilistic recovery of information from missing values. Avoids the need for imputation. Estimates the detection probability curve (DPC), which relates the probability of successful detection to the underlying log-intensity of each precursor ion, and uses it to incorporate missing values into protein quantification and into subsequent differential expression analyses. The package produces objects suitable for downstream analysis in limma. The package accepts precursor (or peptide) intensities including missing values and produces complete protein quantifications without the need for imputation. The uncertainty of the protein quantifications is propagated through to the limma analyses using variance modeling and precision weights, ensuring accurate error rate control. The analysis pipeline can alternatively work with PTM or protein level data. The package name "limpa" is an acronym for "Linear Models for Proteomics Data".

A Graphical User Interface for differential expression analysis of two-color microarray data using the limma package.

Data analysis, linear models and differential expression for omics data.

The Lheuristic package identifies scatterpots that follow and L-shaped, negative distribution. It can be used to identify genes regulated by methylation by integration of an expression and a methylation array. The package uses two different methods to detect expression and methyaltion L- shapped scatterplots. The parameters can be changed to detect other scatterplot patterns.

Logistic Factor Analysis is a method for a PCA analogue on Binomial data via estimation of latent structure in the natural parameter. The main method estimates genetic population structure from genotype data. There are also methods for estimating individual-specific allele frequencies using the population structure. Lastly, a structured Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test is developed, which quantifies the goodness of fit of the genotype data to the estimated population structure, via the estimated individual-specific allele frequencies (all of which generalizes traditional HWE tests).

The tool integrates data from biological networks with transcriptomes, displaying a heatmap with surface curves to evidence the altered regions.

The 'les' package estimates Loci of Enhanced Significance (LES) in tiling microarray data. These are regions of regulation such as found in differential transcription, CHiP-chip, or DNA modification analysis. The package provides a universal framework suitable for identifying differential effects in tiling microarray data sets, and is independent of the underlying statistics at the level of single probes.

Fit a latent embedding multivariate regression (LEMUR) model to multi-condition single-cell data. The model provides a parametric description of single-cell data measured with treatment vs. control or more complex experimental designs. The parametric model is used to (1) align conditions, (2) predict log fold changes between conditions for all cells, and (3) identify cell neighborhoods with consistent log fold changes. For those neighborhoods, a pseudobulked differential expression test is conducted to assess which genes are significantly changed.

lefser is the R implementation of the popular microbiome biomarker discovery too, LEfSe. It uses the Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon-Rank Sum test, and Linear Discriminant Analysis to find biomarkers from two-level classes (and optional sub-classes).

This package aims at creating a predictive model of regulatory sequences used to score unknown sequences based on the content of DNA motifs, next-generation sequencing (NGS) peaks and signals and other numerical scores of the sequences using supervised classification. The package contains a workflow based on the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm that maps features to sequences, optimize SVM parameters and feature number and creates a model that can be stored and used to score the regulatory potential of unknown sequences.

leapR is a package that identifies pathways that are enriched across diverse 'omics experiments. It leverages any tabular expression data (proteomics, transcriptomics) using the `SummarizedExperiment` object. It works with any pathway in the .gct file format.

LEA is an R package dedicated to population genomics, landscape genomics and genotype-environment association tests. LEA can run analyses of population structure and genome-wide tests for local adaptation, and also performs imputation of missing genotypes. The package includes statistical methods for estimating ancestry coefficients from large genotypic matrices and for evaluating the number of ancestral populations (snmf). It performs statistical tests using latent factor mixed models for identifying genetic polymorphisms that exhibit association with environmental gradients or phenotypic traits (lfmm2). In addition, LEA computes values of genetic offset statistics based on new or predicted environments (genetic.gap, genetic.offset). LEA is mainly based on optimized programs that can scale with the dimensions of large data sets.

Define data structures for linkage disequilibrium measures in populations.

lcmsPlot is an R package designed for visualising Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) data with publication-ready high-quality plots. The package enables users to generate and customise chromatograms, mass traces, spectra, and more with fine-tuned aesthetics and annotation options.

LBE is an efficient procedure for estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses, the false discovery rate (and so the q-values) in the framework of estimating procedures based on the marginal distribution of the p-values without assumption for the alternative hypothesis.

This package provides modalities to analyze tumor evolution from whole genome sequencing data. In particular, it provides estimates of mutation densities at genomic segments and uses these to time the origin of the tumor.

LACE is an algorithmic framework that processes single-cell somatic mutation profiles from cancer samples collected at different time points and in distinct experimental settings, to produce longitudinal models of cancer evolution. The approach solves a Boolean Matrix Factorization problem with phylogenetic constraints, by maximizing a weighed likelihood function computed on multiple time points.

KnowYourCG (KYCG) is a supervised learning framework designed for the functional analysis of DNA methylation data. Unlike existing tools that focus on genes or genomic intervals, KnowYourCG directly targets CpG dinucleotides, featuring automated supervised screenings of diverse biological and technical influences, including sequence motifs, transcription factor binding, histone modifications, replication timing, cell-type-specific methylation, and trait-epigenome associations. KnowYourCG addresses the challenges of data sparsity in various methylation datasets, including low-pass Nanopore sequencing, single-cell DNA methylomes, 5-hydroxymethylation profiles, spatial DNA methylation maps, and array-based datasets for epigenome-wide association studies and epigenetic clocks (<doi:10.1126/sciadv.adw3027>).

KnowSeq proposes a novel methodology that comprises the most relevant steps in the Transcriptomic gene expression analysis. KnowSeq expects to serve as an integrative tool that allows to process and extract relevant biomarkers, as well as to assess them through a Machine Learning approaches. Finally, the last objective of KnowSeq is the biological knowledge extraction from the biomarkers (Gene Ontology enrichment, Pathway listing and Visualization and Evidences related to the addressed disease). Although the package allows analyzing all the data manually, the main strenght of KnowSeq is the possibilty of carrying out an automatic and intelligent HTML report that collect all the involved steps in one document. It is important to highligh that the pipeline is totally modular and flexible, hence it can be started from whichever of the different steps. KnowSeq expects to serve as a novel tool to help to the experts in the field to acquire robust knowledge and conclusions for the data and diseases to study.

The purpose of the package is to identify prognostic biomarkers and an optimal numeric cutoff for each biomarker that can be used to stratify a group of test subjects (samples) into two sub-groups with significantly different survival (better vs. worse). The package was developed for the analysis of gene expression data, such as RNA-seq. However, it can be used with any quantitative variable that has a sufficiently large proportion of unique values.

Retrieves condition-specific variants in RNA-seq data (SNVs, alternative-splicings, indels). It has been developed as a post-treatment of 'KisSplice' but can also be used with user's own data.

KinSwingR integrates phosphosite data derived from mass-spectrometry data and kinase-substrate predictions to predict kinase activity. Several functions allow the user to build PWM models of kinase-subtrates, statistically infer PWM:substrate matches, and integrate these data to infer kinase activity.

A package that provides a client interface to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) REST API. Only for academic use by academic users belonging to academic institutions (see <https://www.kegg.jp/kegg/rest/>). Note that KEGGREST is based on KEGGSOAP by J. Zhang, R. Gentleman, and Marc Carlson, and KEGG (python package) by Aurelien Mazurie.

graphical representation of the Feb 2010 KEGG Orthology. The KEGG orthology is a set of pathway IDs that are not to be confused with the KEGG ortholog IDs.

See what is going on 'under the hood' of KEGG pathways by explicitly re-creating the pathway maps from information obtained from KGML files.

KEGGGraph is an interface between KEGG pathway and graph object as well as a collection of tools to analyze, dissect and visualize these graphs. It parses the regularly updated KGML (KEGG XML) files into graph models maintaining all essential pathway attributes. The package offers functionalities including parsing, graph operation, visualization and etc.

The package provides functionality for kernel-based analysis of DNA, RNA, and amino acid sequences via SVM-based methods. As core functionality, kebabs implements following sequence kernels: spectrum kernel, mismatch kernel, gappy pair kernel, and motif kernel. Apart from an efficient implementation of standard position-independent functionality, the kernels are extended in a novel way to take the position of patterns into account for the similarity measure. Because of the flexibility of the kernel formulation, other kernels like the weighted degree kernel or the shifted weighted degree kernel with constant weighting of positions are included as special cases. An annotation-specific variant of the kernels uses annotation information placed along the sequence together with the patterns in the sequence. The package allows for the generation of a kernel matrix or an explicit feature representation in dense or sparse format for all available kernels which can be used with methods implemented in other R packages. With focus on SVM-based methods, kebabs provides a framework which simplifies the usage of existing SVM implementations in kernlab, e1071, and LiblineaR. Binary and multi-class classification as well as regression tasks can be used in a unified way without having to deal with the different functions, parameters, and formats of the selected SVM. As support for choosing hyperparameters, the package provides cross validation - including grouped cross validation, grid search and model selection functions. For easier biological interpretation of the results, the package computes feature weights for all SVMs and prediction profiles which show the contribution of individual sequence positions to the prediction result and indicate the relevance of sequence sections for the learning result and the underlying biological functions.

Multi sample aCGH analysis package using kernel convolution

Reconstructing gene regulatory networks and transcription factor activity is crucial to understand biological processes and holds potential for developing personalized treatment. Yet, it is still an open problem as state-of-art algorithm are often not able to handle large amounts of data. Furthermore, many of the present methods predict numerous false positives and are unable to integrate other sources of information such as previously known interactions. Here we introduce KBoost, an algorithm that uses kernel PCA regression, boosting and Bayesian model averaging for fast and accurate reconstruction of gene regulatory networks. KBoost can also use a prior network built on previously known transcription factor targets. We have benchmarked KBoost using three different datasets against other high performing algorithms. The results show that our method compares favourably to other methods across datasets.

Kataegis refers to the occurrence of regional hypermutation and is a phenomenon observed in a wide range of malignancies. Using changepoint detection katdetectr aims to identify putative kataegis foci from common data-formats housing genomic variants. Katdetectr has shown to be a robust package for the detection, characterization and visualization of kataegis.

karyoploteR creates karyotype plots of arbitrary genomes and offers a complete set of functions to plot arbitrary data on them. It mimicks many R base graphics functions coupling them with a coordinate change function automatically mapping the chromosome and data coordinates into the plot coordinates. In addition to the provided data plotting functions, it is easy to add new ones.